Heart Failure Is Closely Associated With the Expression Characteristics of Type I Interferon-Related Genes.

Background: The association between the expression of type I interferon related genes (TIIRGs) and EFrHF is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression patterns of TIIRGs and EFrHF using bioinformatics analysis.

Materials and methods: An analysis was conducted to examine the expression and distribution of TIIRGs in cardiomyocytes. Afterwards, GSE5406 was utilized as the validation set, including 16 without heart failure, 86 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), and 108 individuals with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). We conducted a comparative analysis of the variations in TIIRGs gene expression across various forms of heart failure.

Results: There were eight genes that showed substantial changes between patients with EFrHF and those without heart failure. A risk model for EFrHF was developed utilizing JAK1 and EIF2AK2, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.909. Five genes exhibited notable disparities between IDCM and ICM. Through multivariate analysis, it was shown that JAK1 and IFNA16/IFNA14 were identified as independent risk variables for distinguishing between the two pathogenic categories. The model, utilizing JAK1 and IFNA16/IFNA14, successfully differentiated between IDCM and ICM with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.722. In the validation set GSE5406, the expression of JAK1 was dramatically downregulated, while EIF2AK2 was significantly upregulated in heart failure (HF) tissues. The model utilizing JAK1 and EIF2AK2 successfully differentiated between those with an illness and those without (AUC = 0.877).

Conclusions: The expression of TIIRGs is strongly associated with the presence and specific subtypes of HF in a pathological context.