Early intervention with Ustekinumab is associated with higher rates of clinical and endoscopic remission in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: Early biologic intervention after diagnosis has shown improved clinical and endoscopic outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), while very little is known about the effectiveness of early versus late administration of Ustekinumab (UST).

Objectives: We aimed to compare early versus late UST use in managing CD and identify potential predictors associated with clinical and endoscopic outcomes.

Design: This was a retrospective observational study.

Methods: This study included patients with CD who started UST treatment from 2020 to 2023 in our center. Clinical and endoscopic outcomes were compared between early stage (⩽24 months) and later-stage (>24 months) groups at 6 months after starting UST therapy, and clinical predictors associated with any of the outcomes were assessed by logistic regression model. Furthermore, time-to-event analyses were applied to observe CD-related prognosis during follow-up.

Results: This study included 237 patients with CD, with 44.3% (n = 105) starting UST at the early stage and 55.7% (n = 132) at the later stage. Patients with early UST use demonstrated significantly higher rates of clinical and endoscopic remissions as compared to those with late UST use at 6 months after treatment. After adjusting for disease-related factors using multivariate logistic regression analysis, active perianal disease and severe disease were negatively associated with clinical and endoscopic remission in both early and late UST use groups. Finally, early UST administration was associated with a more favorable long-term outcome in terms of overall hospitalization and treatment escalation during follow-up.

Conclusion: Starting UST therapy in the early stage of CD especially within the first 6 months was associated with high rates of clinical and endoscopic remission and a low rate of CD-related complications.