Race/ethnicity-specific association between the American Heart Association’s new Life’s Essential 8 and stroke in US adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence from NHANES 2005–2018

Background

The Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) is a recently introduced assessment of cardiovascular health (CVH) by the American Heart Association (AHA). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease and is associated with an increased risk of stroke. We aimed to explore the association of LE8 with stroke in NAFLD using a national cross-sectional study.

Methods

Eligible participants with NAFLD aged 20–85 years in NHANES 2005–2018 were included. LE8 was assessed according to AHA criteria and categorized into metabolic and behavioral factors. US Fatty Liver Index (USFLI) ≥ 30 and exclusion of other chronic liver diseases suggested NAFLD. Stroke was diagnosed according to self-report on standardized questionnaires.

Results

After adjusting for all confounders, each point increase in LE8, LE8 metabolic factors, and LE8 behavioral factors was associated with a 4.4 %, 1.8 %, and 2.5 % reduction in stroke prevalence in NAFLD, respectively. Both moderate and high CVH assessed by LE8 and LE8 behavioral factors were associated with reduced odds of stroke compared with low CVH. Stroke prevalence declined progressively with increasing number of ideal LE8 components, with the lowest odds of stroke at 3 + ideal LE8 components for both LE8 metabolic and behavioral factors. Restricted cubic spline suggested dose–response associations. Race/ethnicity was a significant effect modifier, and this association was present only among non-Hispanic white population and other Hispanic population. FLI as a diagnostic indicator of NAFLD yielded generally consistent results.

Conclusions

Higher LE8 score, especially LE8 behavioral factors, was associated with reduced prevalence of stroke in NAFLD, especially among non-Hispanic white population and other Hispanic population. The odds of stroke declined progressively with increased ideal LE8 component number. These findings underscore the preventive value of adherence to high CVH for stroke prevention in NAFLD.