The immunomodulatory potential of chickpea protein hydrolysate via ROS and NO pathways

The uncontrolled overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) is linked to chronic inflammation, although they are also essential signaling molecules for the immune system against infectious agents. Bioactive compounds hold promise as functional bioactive nutrients, contributing to the immunomodulatory response. This study investigates the potential of chickpea protein hydrolysate to modulate ROS/RNS stress and inflammatory responses in a cellular low-grade chronic inflammatory model. This study was focused on their effects on endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities and key pro-inflammatory markers. ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production and molecular biology techniques were used to evaluate cell metabolism. Hydrolysate exposure notably increased ROS and NO release in a dose-dependent manner, while also exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome components in treated cells. Therefore, chickpea protein hydrolysates hold promise as functional bioactive compounds for use in therapeutic applications, promoting human health and well-being.