Somayeh Bahrami, Fatemeh Navidi, Maryam Ghaderi-Ghahfarokhi, Mehdi Zarei
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The amoebicidal effect of Cinn was evaluated against both trophozoites and cysts of reference and environmental strains of Acanthamoeba, along with an assessment of whether nanotechnology enhances this effect.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results demonstrated that Cinn exhibited strong activity against both trophozoites and cysts of <i>Acanthamoeba</i>. Importantly, Cinn-NE showed enhanced activity compared to pure Cinn, possibly due to increased surface area and improved interaction with microbial membranes. In this study, the difference in susceptibility to Cinn and Cinn-NE between the environmental and the reference strain of <i>A. castellanii</i> was observed. <i>Acanthamoeba</i> cysts were more resistant to the effects of Cinn or Cinn-NE than trophozoites. Additionally, we found that nutrient availability in the medium influenced the susceptibility of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> to Cinn and Cinn-NE. A nutrient-deficient medium reduced their vulnerability to destruction, suggesting a role for nutrient availability in the response of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> to antimicrobial agents.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of Cinn and Cinn-NE as effective agents for combating <i>Acanthamoeba</i> infections. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the differential susceptibility to Cinn, optimize its use as a treatment or surface disinfectant, and explore Acanthamoeba's cellular and molecular responses to nutrient availability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of Cinnamaldehyde and Its Nanoemulsion on Acanthamoeba castellanii Cysts and Trophozoites\",\"authors\":\"Somayeh Bahrami, Fatemeh Navidi, Maryam Ghaderi-Ghahfarokhi, Mehdi Zarei\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11686-024-00938-4\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The current study aimed to investigate the trophocidal and cysticidal activities of cinnamaldehyde (Cinn), a natural compound with known antimicrobial properties, against environmental and reference strains of <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i>. Additionally, we explored the potential benefits of Cinn formulated as a nanoemulsion (Cinn-NE) in enhancing its efficacy.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cinn-NE was prepared using the ultrasonic emulsification method. The amoebicidal effect of Cinn was evaluated against both trophozoites and cysts of reference and environmental strains of Acanthamoeba, along with an assessment of whether nanotechnology enhances this effect.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results demonstrated that Cinn exhibited strong activity against both trophozoites and cysts of <i>Acanthamoeba</i>. Importantly, Cinn-NE showed enhanced activity compared to pure Cinn, possibly due to increased surface area and improved interaction with microbial membranes. In this study, the difference in susceptibility to Cinn and Cinn-NE between the environmental and the reference strain of <i>A. castellanii</i> was observed. <i>Acanthamoeba</i> cysts were more resistant to the effects of Cinn or Cinn-NE than trophozoites. Additionally, we found that nutrient availability in the medium influenced the susceptibility of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> to Cinn and Cinn-NE. A nutrient-deficient medium reduced their vulnerability to destruction, suggesting a role for nutrient availability in the response of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> to antimicrobial agents.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of Cinn and Cinn-NE as effective agents for combating <i>Acanthamoeba</i> infections. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the differential susceptibility to Cinn, optimize its use as a treatment or surface disinfectant, and explore Acanthamoeba's cellular and molecular responses to nutrient availability.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":6932,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Acta Parasitologica\",\"volume\":\"70 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Acta Parasitologica\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11686-024-00938-4\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"PARASITOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Parasitologica","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11686-024-00938-4","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of Cinnamaldehyde and Its Nanoemulsion on Acanthamoeba castellanii Cysts and Trophozoites
Purpose
The current study aimed to investigate the trophocidal and cysticidal activities of cinnamaldehyde (Cinn), a natural compound with known antimicrobial properties, against environmental and reference strains of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Additionally, we explored the potential benefits of Cinn formulated as a nanoemulsion (Cinn-NE) in enhancing its efficacy.
Methods
Cinn-NE was prepared using the ultrasonic emulsification method. The amoebicidal effect of Cinn was evaluated against both trophozoites and cysts of reference and environmental strains of Acanthamoeba, along with an assessment of whether nanotechnology enhances this effect.
Results
Our results demonstrated that Cinn exhibited strong activity against both trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba. Importantly, Cinn-NE showed enhanced activity compared to pure Cinn, possibly due to increased surface area and improved interaction with microbial membranes. In this study, the difference in susceptibility to Cinn and Cinn-NE between the environmental and the reference strain of A. castellanii was observed. Acanthamoeba cysts were more resistant to the effects of Cinn or Cinn-NE than trophozoites. Additionally, we found that nutrient availability in the medium influenced the susceptibility of Acanthamoeba to Cinn and Cinn-NE. A nutrient-deficient medium reduced their vulnerability to destruction, suggesting a role for nutrient availability in the response of Acanthamoeba to antimicrobial agents.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of Cinn and Cinn-NE as effective agents for combating Acanthamoeba infections. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the differential susceptibility to Cinn, optimize its use as a treatment or surface disinfectant, and explore Acanthamoeba's cellular and molecular responses to nutrient availability.
期刊介绍：
Acta Parasitologica is an international journal covering the latest advances in the subject.
Acta Parasitologica publishes original papers on all aspects of parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in biochemical and molecular biology of parasites, their physiology, morphology, taxonomy and ecology, as well as original research papers on immunology, pathology, and epidemiology of parasitic diseases in the context of medical, veterinary and biological sciences. The journal also publishes short research notes, invited review articles, book reviews.
The journal was founded in 1953 as "Acta Parasitologica Polonica" by the Polish Parasitological Society and since 1954 has been published by W. Stefanski Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. Since 1992 in has appeared as Acta Parasitologica in four issues per year.
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