Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces: A contemporary review.

Lung cancers associated with cystic airspaces (LCCAs) are a rare and relatively novel concept analyzed in various case reports and retrospective studies. In this review, it was our aim to investigate the morphologic, imaging, and clinicopathologic characteristics of this entity, as well as its natural course in light of the current literature. Literature search including the years 2000-2022 was conducted in PubMed. We analyzed the definition, morphological classification, pathogenesis and histopathology, imaging and clinical features, differential diagnosis and natural course and prognosis of LCCAs. LCCAs are increasingly being identified as missed or delayed diagnoses in lung cancer screening programs. Early recognition and intervention of this entity when cyst wall thickening or solid components appear can potentially improve outcomes. Nevertheless, the prognosis and survival of these patients are still poorly understood due to limited data, and further research is needed to better understand the behavior of these lesions and propose management guidelines.