Seismic dynamic stability analysis of North Grotto Temple

Earthquake has crucial effect in stability of the rock mass in Grotto Temple. However, only a few studies begin with the mountain of Grotto Temple and explore the interactions between rock mass stability of the mountain and that of temple. Firstly, the mechanical and displacement characteristics of North Grotto Temple (NGT) were analyzed, with a particular focus on effects of seismic waves, utilizing the finite difference modelling software FLAC 3D. Subsequently, mechanical properties, displacement nephogram, displacement response characteristics, and acceleration response characteristics of the mountain under seismic conditions were analysed. The simulation results indicate that there was no abrupt displacement at the location of NGT, but the stress changes were complex. Significant stress concentration effects were observed on slope and cliff faces, especially at the site of NGT, leading to relatively large displacements in that area. The phenomena of amplified peak displacement and peak acceleration were particularly pronounced. Additionally, strong shear stresses were observed near contact surfaces, suggesting potential shear sliding failure along these interfaces. This study not only provides theoretical basis for conservation, reinforcement, and monitoring of NGT, but also offers new research perspectives on the stability of rock masses in cave temples.