Does Cigarette Smoke Affect Permanent Resin-Based Crown Materials?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how cigarette smoking affects the surface roughness (R_a) and stainability of additively and subtractively manufactured resins.

Materials and methods: Two additively manufactured definitive resins (Dentafab, DF and Formlabs, FL) and a subtractively manufactured resin nanoceramic (Cerasmart, CS) were used to fabricate 60 specimens (14 × 12 × 1 mm). After taking baseline R_a and color measurements (ΔE₀₀), they were divided into two groups (n = 10). Using a programmable cigarette smoking simulation device, the study groups smoked 10 cigarettes a day for 30 days. The control groups were kept in artificial saliva for 30 days. The R_a and ΔE₀₀ were performed again. Scanning electron microscope images were taken. Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U, Bonferroni, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05).

Result: Significantly less discoloration was observed in the FL group compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). The R_a of the DF study groups was statistically significantly higher than the control groups (p = 0.005).

Conclusion: All the tested materials had moderately unacceptable color change when previously reported threshold values were considered. There was not found to be any linear correlation between the R_a of materials and smoking-induced discoloration.

Clinical significance: The discoloration and surface roughness of three-dimensional (3D)-produced SLA definitive resin because of smoking are at acceptable levels. Optimized physical and chemical properties of definitive resins are clinically important to extend the life of the restoration. The application of 3D definitive resin can be recommended in clinical practice.