间充质干细胞来源的细胞外囊泡的免疫调节作用:一种有前途的自身免疫性疾病治疗方法。

Prince Ahad Mir, Md Sadique Hussain, Murtaza Ahmad Khanday, Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Reyaz Hasssan Mir
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自身免疫性疾病由于其复杂的发病机制和不断上升的患病率,对治疗提出了重大挑战。传统的治疗方法往往受到全身副作用、免疫抑制和缺乏长期疗效的限制。间充质干细胞(MSCs)主要通过分泌细胞外囊泡(EVs)表现出免疫调节特性,现在认为细胞外囊泡是免疫调节的有效介质。msc衍生的ev携带生物活性分子,如影响关键免疫途径的microrna、蛋白质和脂质,使其成为自身免疫性疾病的有希望的治疗途径。本文综述了msc衍生的ev的免疫调节机制,重点关注它们在调节T细胞、B细胞和巨噬细胞中的作用,这些细胞是自身免疫病理的核心。我们探索了最近的临床前和临床研究,这些研究强调了msc衍生的ev在自身免疫环境下减少炎症、促进免疫耐受和恢复组织稳态的能力。此外,我们讨论了基于ev的治疗相对于基于msc的治疗的优势,包括更高的安全性、更低的免疫原性和临床应用的可扩展性。通过评估msc衍生EV研究的现状,我们确定了关键差距,并提出了创新策略,以优化基于EV的自身免疫性疾病治疗。这些策略包括改造电动汽车以增强其特异性和治疗效果,以及将其与生物材料结合以靶向递送。我们的综述旨在为msc衍生的ev作为一种新的治疗方法的潜力提供前瞻性的观点,超越传统的基于细胞的治疗方法,为自身免疫性疾病提供更精确和个性化的治疗选择。
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Immunomodulatory Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Autoimmune Diseases.

Autoimmune diseases pose a significant challenge due to their complex pathogenesis and rising prevalence. Traditional therapies are often limited by systemic side effects, immunosuppression, and lack of long-term efficacy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated immunomodulatory properties, primarily through the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are now recognized as potent mediators of immune regulation. MSC-derived EVs carry bioactive molecules such as microRNAs, proteins, and lipids that influence key immune pathways, making them a promising therapeutic avenue for autoimmune diseases. This review critically examines the immunomodulatory mechanisms of MSC-derived EVs, focusing on their role in regulating T cells, B cells, and macrophages, which are central to autoimmune pathology. We explore recent preclinical and clinical studies that highlight the ability of MSC-derived EVs to reduce inflammation, promote immune tolerance, and restore tissue homeostasis in autoimmune settings. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages of EV-based therapy over MSC-based therapies, including improved safety profiles, lower immunogenicity, and scalability for clinical application. By evaluating the current landscape of MSC-derived EV research, we identify key gaps and propose innovative strategies to optimize EVbased therapies for autoimmune diseases. These strategies include engineering EVs to enhance their specificity and therapeutic efficacy, as well as integrating them with biomaterials for targeted delivery. Our review aims to provide a forward-looking perspective on the potential of MSC-derived EVs as a novel therapeutic approach, moving beyond traditional cell-based therapies to offer more precise and personalized treatment options for autoimmune diseases.

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