OFPO & KGFPO: Ontology and knowledge graph for flood process observation

Flooding is the most frequent natural disaster globally, resulting in the highest economic losses. Efficient resource retrieval is crucial for improving flood response. Constructing a knowledge graph aids in the precise discovery of flood observation resources. However, current research faces issues: phased flood process observation is neglected, and effective correlation among disaster elements, such as tasks, data, methods, and sensors, is lacking. To address this, we construct the Ontology for Flood Process Observation (OFPO) and develop the Knowledge Graph for Flood Process Observation (KGFPO), providing integrated management and decision-making support. These are validated using the “7–20 Henan Extremely Heavy Rainfall” and “7-21 Xinxiang Extremely Heavy Rainfall” cases. OFPO and KGFPO achieve integrated management of flood observation resources, improve retrieval efficiency and accuracy, facilitate decision-making, and support other natural disasters.