从进化角度看SARS-CoV-2逃避先天免疫系统的策略

IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI:10.3390/pathogens13121117
Hong Fan, Mingfu Tian, Siyu Liu, Chenglin Ye, Zhiqiang Li, Kailang Wu, Chengliang Zhu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

截至2019年底,由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)引起的COVID-19大流行已在全球广泛蔓延,据报告有7.7亿人感染,700多万人死亡。除了其高传染性和致病性以及快速突变率外,SARS-CoV-2绕过免疫系统的独特能力也导致了这次大流行的广泛性。SARS-CoV-2一旦感染宿主,就会引发先天免疫系统激活并启动抗病毒反应。在与宿主的免疫反应作斗争的同时,SARS-CoV-2已经建立了许多对策来逃避攻击和清除。随着对SARS-CoV-2的探索继续进行,大量证据表明,SARS-CoV-2基因组合成的29种蛋白质在病毒感染过程中是不可或缺的。它们不仅促进了病毒的复制和传播,还帮助SARS-CoV-2逃离宿主的免疫防御,使它们成为有希望的治疗靶点,在最近的研究中引起了相当大的关注。本文综述了SARS-CoV-2与先天免疫系统的界面方式,特别关注了SARS-CoV-2的持续进化及其突变的影响。
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Strategies Used by SARS-CoV-2 to Evade the Innate Immune System in an Evolutionary Perspective.

By the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), had diffused widely across the globe, with 770 million infected individuals and over 7 million deaths reported. In addition to its high infectivity and pathogenicity and its rapid mutation rate, the unique capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to circumvent the immune system has also contributed to the widespread nature of this pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 elicits the onset of innate immune system activation and initiates antiviral responses once it has infected the host. While battling the host's immune responses, SARS-CoV-2 has established many countermeasures to evade attack and clearance. As the exploration of SARS-CoV-2 continues, substantial evidence has revealed that the 29 proteins synthesized by the SARS-CoV-2 genome are integral to the viral infection process. They not only facilitate viral replication and transmission, but also assist SARS-CoV-2 in escaping the host's immune defenses, positioning them as promising therapeutic targets that have attracted considerable attention in recent studies. This review summarizes the manner in which SARS-CoV-2 interfaces with the innate immune system, with a particular focus on the continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the implications of mutations.

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来源期刊
Pathogens
Pathogens Medicine-Immunology and Allergy
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
8.10%
发文量
1285
审稿时长
17.75 days
期刊介绍: Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817) publishes reviews, regular research papers and short notes on all aspects of pathogens and pathogen-host interactions. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided for research articles.
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