Intraoperative cardiac arrest in patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery

Objective

To describe intraoperative cardiac arrest in patients undergoing congenital heart surgery.

Methods

The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database was queried. Predictors of intraoperative cardiac arrest were assessed using univariate and multivariable analyses. The univariate relationship between intraoperative cardiac arrest was also compared with available outcomes in the database.

Results

A total of 92,764 cases had anesthesia adverse event data, and 357 patients (0.38%) had an intraoperative cardiac arrest. Multivariable predictors of an intraoperative cardiac arrest included age (odds ratio [OR], 0.98 per year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-0.99; P = .036), preoperative cardiac arrest (<48 hours) (OR, 9.6; 95% CI 6.3-14.6, P < .001), preoperative neurologic deficit (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-3.1, P = .002), noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.9-21.9, P = .003), increasing Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (STAT) category (OR, 2.3 for STAT 5 vs STAT 1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.9, P = .003), urgent (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.6, P < .001) or emergent surgery (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9-5.0, P < .001), and increasing length of total operating room time (OR, 1.2 per hour; 95% CI, 1.2-1.3, P < .001). Intraoperative cardiac arrest was associated with a greater 30-day mortality (14.6% vs 1.8%, P < .001). There were more morbidities in the intraoperative cardiac arrest group including postoperative neurologic deficits (12% vs 1.0%, P < .001), multisystem organ failure (5.9% vs 0.7%, P < .001), and greater rates of unplanned reoperation (19.3% vs 5.0%, P < .001) or interventional cardiac catheterization (7% vs 3.2%, P < .001).

Conclusions

The incidence of intraoperative cardiac arrest is low; however, it is an important indicator of significant patient perioperative morbidity and mortality.