Comparison of cytogenetic and molecular features observed in endometrial cancers: known clinic and difficulties in treatment.

Objective: Understanding the relationship between genetic structure and the molecular changes involved in endometrial cancer (EC) provides an opportunity to personalize treatments and incorporate targeted therapies.

Method: We compared cytogenetic and molecular features observed in tumoral and adjacent healthy tissue endometrium samples in EC patients.

Results: Non-clonal chromosome aberrations (NCCAs) frequently in patients with EC, especially in 10,15,17,22, X chromosomes and were monitored in 73.7%, clonal chromosomal alterations were observed in 26.3% of the patients. Down POLE gene expression in 42.1%, up p53gene expression in 57.9%, PTEN down-regulation in 47.3%, down ARID1A gene expression in 42.1%, PIK3CA up-regulation was observed in 68% of patients.

Conclusion: The up-regulation of tumor suppressor genes in our study shows that not only these genes are involved but also different pathways and factors play a role in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, an increased number of NCCAs shows an essential role in the development of ECs.