Guo-Sen He, Ji-Kai Xia, Qi-Hu Li, Yan Zheng, Chun-Ru Shi, Run Li, Quan Hong, Xiang-Mei Chen
{"title":"Specnuezhenide: Comprehensive review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and ethnomedicinal uses.","authors":"Guo-Sen He, Ji-Kai Xia, Qi-Hu Li, Yan Zheng, Chun-Ru Shi, Run Li, Quan Hong, Xiang-Mei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106389","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Specnuezhenide (SPN) is a bioactive iridoid terpenoid compound mainly found in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF), that has a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anti-neoplastic, hepatoprotective, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory properties.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present review provides a comprehensive summary of natural medicinal plants, traditional Chinese medicine compounds containing SPN, and their corresponding pharmacological mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using several globally recognized databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, Springer, and CNKI until December 2024, A comprehensive literature search and analysis was carried out with the keywords \"Specnuezhenide\", \" Pharmacology \", \"Pharmacokinetics\" and \" Chinese herbal compound\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that SPN is present in a diverse range of plants, including LLF, Osmanthus fragrans seeds and Naked barley. SPN plays an anti-inflammatory role by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, down-regulating the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and other cytokines. Furthermore, many Chinese herbal compounds have been found to contain SPN, such as treatment of spleen and kidney deficiency of compound Shenhua tablet, treatment of liver-kidney Yin deficiency of Er Zhi Wan, treatment of pulmonray abscess of Qidongning and treatment of stagnation of QI due to depression of the liver of Shuganzhi Tablet. SPN is primarily distributed in the stomach, intestine, and liver. However, due to its limited absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and low blood concentration, its bioavailability is significantly reduced.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thereby, SPN holds immense potential in the prevention and treatment of liver, lung and kidney complications. This review intends to provide a novel insight for further development of SPN, hoping to reveal the potential of SPN and necessity of further studies in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":" ","pages":"106389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fitoterapia","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106389","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Specnuezhenide: Comprehensive review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and ethnomedicinal uses.
Background: Specnuezhenide (SPN) is a bioactive iridoid terpenoid compound mainly found in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF), that has a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anti-neoplastic, hepatoprotective, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory properties.
Purpose: The present review provides a comprehensive summary of natural medicinal plants, traditional Chinese medicine compounds containing SPN, and their corresponding pharmacological mechanisms.
Methods: Using several globally recognized databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, Springer, and CNKI until December 2024, A comprehensive literature search and analysis was carried out with the keywords "Specnuezhenide", " Pharmacology ", "Pharmacokinetics" and " Chinese herbal compound".
Results: The results indicated that SPN is present in a diverse range of plants, including LLF, Osmanthus fragrans seeds and Naked barley. SPN plays an anti-inflammatory role by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, down-regulating the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and other cytokines. Furthermore, many Chinese herbal compounds have been found to contain SPN, such as treatment of spleen and kidney deficiency of compound Shenhua tablet, treatment of liver-kidney Yin deficiency of Er Zhi Wan, treatment of pulmonray abscess of Qidongning and treatment of stagnation of QI due to depression of the liver of Shuganzhi Tablet. SPN is primarily distributed in the stomach, intestine, and liver. However, due to its limited absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and low blood concentration, its bioavailability is significantly reduced.
Conclusions: Thereby, SPN holds immense potential in the prevention and treatment of liver, lung and kidney complications. This review intends to provide a novel insight for further development of SPN, hoping to reveal the potential of SPN and necessity of further studies in this field.
期刊介绍：
Fitoterapia is a Journal dedicated to medicinal plants and to bioactive natural products of plant origin. It publishes original contributions in seven major areas:
1. Characterization of active ingredients of medicinal plants
2. Development of standardization method for bioactive plant extracts and natural products
3. Identification of bioactivity in plant extracts
4. Identification of targets and mechanism of activity of plant extracts
5. Production and genomic characterization of medicinal plants biomass
6. Chemistry and biochemistry of bioactive natural products of plant origin
7. Critical reviews of the historical, clinical and legal status of medicinal plants, and accounts on topical issues.
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