Effects of Bhramari and Sheetali Pranayama on Cardio Respiratory Function in Post-COVID Patients: A Randomised Controlled Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a range of long-term health issues in recovered patients, collectively known as "post-COVID syndrome."

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined pranayama techniques, specifically Sheetali and Bhramari, on pulmonary function and heart rate variability in post-COVID patients.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted with 90 post-COVID patients (aged 19-40). Participants were divided into three groups of 30 each: control, Bhramari Pranayama and Sheetali Pranayama. The intervention groups practiced their respective pranayama techniques for 15 minutes twice daily for 6 months. Outcome measures included Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), assessed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.

Results: At 3 months, both pranayama groups showed moderate improvements in pulmonary function and HRV compared to baseline. By 6 months, these improvements were significantly enhanced. The Bhramari group showed increased FVC from 3.2 ± 0.5 L to 3.5 ± 0.4 L at 3 months, and to 3.7 ± 0.4 L at 6 months (P < .001). Similarly, the Sheetali group reflected improved FVC from 3.3 ± 0.4 L to 3.5 ± 0.3 L at 3 months, reaching 3.7 ± 0.3 L at 6 months (P < .001). HRV measures showed a similar trend, with SDNN and RMSSD in the Bhramari group and Sheetali pranayama group.

Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into the combined effects of Bhramari and Sheetali Pranayama on post-COVID patients. The findings suggest significant improvements in respiratory function and autonomic nervous system balance.