Bromophenol Blue Adsorption on SnAlFeO Nanoparticles: Statistical Modelling and Interpretation

Tri-metallic SnAlFeO nanoparticles with surface functionalization were synthesized utilizing an easy and facial technique. For the analysis of the surface functionalization, shape, elemental ratio, crystal lattice, and functional group of these nanoparticles, a variety of analytical methods were employed. The nanoparticles displayed rice shape structure, according to SEM images. These rice-shaped nanoparticles were used to remove bromophenol blue (BPB) dye, a hazardous organic contaminant, from an aqueous solution. An incubator orbital shaker was utilized for shaking 0 to 120 min in pH tests in the range of pH 3 to 11.0. 50 to 200 mg of different adsorbent doses were used to investigate their effects. Many different adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, etc.) and rate kinetics studies were used to investigate the adsorption of BPB dye using SnAlFeO nanoparticles. Pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Freundlich isotherms were found best fitted for the adsorption study of SnAlFeO nanoparticles. The exothermic phase includes mechanical forces according to the BPB dye adsorption. The n values of the model parameters were, respectively, n = 0.999, 0.967, and 0.944 at 298, 308, and 318 K. As a result, numerous horizontal molecule orientations were thought to be involved in the interactions between the active sites of BPB and SnAlFeO nanoparticles. Q_sat had values of 216.35, 9.241, and 1.642 mg/g at 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively. Q_sat results demonstrate that BPB molecules and SnAlFeO nanoparticles infrequently come into touch with one another as the temperature rises. Using an adsorption approach, this adsorbent demonstrated strong adsorption in industrial wastewater and has a lot of promise.

Graphical Abstract