Nasopharyngeal, tongue and laryngeal cancer in Southern Ethiopia: a seven-year retrospective cross-sectional review.

Background: The burden of cancer is increasing globally and is having a negative impact on people's physical, mental and financial health. On the other hand, developing countries are not progressing to prevent the disease at the same rate as the disease burden increases. The development of strategies for cancer prevention, control and treatment that contribute to the community's improved health requires knowledge of cancer epidemiologic data. There is relatively little epidemiologic evidence of nasopharyngeal, tongue and laryngeal cancer in southern Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological burden of nasopharyngeal, tongue and laryngeal cancer among patients treated at Hawassa University Comprehensive and Specialised Hospital (HUCSH) between 2013 and 2019.

Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective review was conducted among 3,002 patients who attended the oncologic care at HUCSH. Data were retrieved between February and May 2020. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and the data were then exported to IBM SPSS version 22 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) for further processing and analysis. A descriptive analysis was done.

Result: A total of 280 (9.3%) new head and neck cancer (HNC) patients were identified over a period of 7 years. Nasopharyngeal cancer accounts for more than one-fourth (26.4%) of all HNCs, followed by tongue 15% and laryngeal 14.6% cancers. Males constituted nearly two-thirds of the cases. The overall caseloads doubled over the retrieved years.

Conclusion: According to this study, nasopharyngeal, tongue and laryngeal cancer is a more prominent cause of morbidity. According to place, person and time, the frequency of nasopharyngeal, tongue and laryngeal cancer steadily rose in both sexes and across all age categories. Therefore, immediate intervention is needed nationwide to monitor the disease's explosive growth.