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引用次数: 0
摘要
动物的囤积行为已经进化为在食物资源稀缺时减少饥饿风险，但食物限制对囤积动物生存的影响尚不清楚。欧亚侏儒猫头鹰（Glaucidium passerinum）在深秋将小型哺乳动物和鸟类囤积在天然洞穴和巢箱中，以备来年冬天使用。研究了矮鸮种群食物生物量对其越冬和越夏表观存活率的相对影响。我们还测试了这种影响是否受到内在（年龄、性别）特征或外在因素（冬季温度、雪深）的调节。我们测量了2003-2023年秋季芬兰中西部侏儒猫头鹰食物储备中猎物的生物量。我们分别在繁殖季节的巢和食物储藏处对矮鸮进行了标记和捕捉。我们的数据集共包括407只侏儒猫头鹰，它们在被捕获的历史中都至少一次从食物储藏中被捕获。与个体相关的年平均食物储备生物量为443 g (SD = 523 g，范围为3.5 ~ 4505 g)，并且在田鼠丰富的秋季显著高于田鼠稀缺的秋季。贮藏大小对猫头鹰连续冬季的表观存活率有积极影响，而对下一夏季的表观存活率没有影响。贮藏规模比田鼠数量（侏儒猫头鹰的主要食物）更能预测野外生存。雄性猫头鹰的总体表观存活率高于雌性猫头鹰，特别是当食物储备较少时。与田鼠数量相比，囤积的数量能更好地预测生存，这表明在冬季，囤积对侏儒猫头鹰来说至关重要，可能是因为它们无法在厚厚的积雪下捕猎田鼠。在冬季（当贮藏物被消耗时），猫头鹰个体的表观存活率与它们的贮藏物大小呈正相关，而在夏季则不是，这表明贮藏物大小对存活率有真正的正影响，而且不仅反映了潜在的个体间差异和/或环境差异。我们得出结论，囤积期间的食物限制基本上调节了侏儒猫头鹰个体的越冬生存。
期刊介绍：
Journal of Animal Ecology publishes the best original research on all aspects of animal ecology, ranging from the molecular to the ecosystem level. These may be field, laboratory and theoretical studies utilising terrestrial, freshwater or marine systems.
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