Yue Ma, Maria C. Mora Pinzon, William R. Buckingham, Andrew J. Bersch, W. Ryan Powell, Tamara J. LeCaire, Gilda E. Ennis, Yuetiva Deming, Erin M. Jonaitis, Nathaniel A. Chin, Lindsay R. Clark, Dorothy F. Edwards, Art Walaszek, Ozioma C. Okonkwo, Megan Zuelsdorff, Richard J. Chappell, Sterling C. Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, Carey E. Gleason, Amy J. Kind, Barbara B. Bendlin, Cynthia M. Carlsson
{"title":"威斯康星州阿尔茨海默病研究中心参与者的样本特征与威斯康星州人口的比较——对招募工作的评估","authors":"Yue Ma, Maria C. Mora Pinzon, William R. Buckingham, Andrew J. Bersch, W. Ryan Powell, Tamara J. LeCaire, Gilda E. Ennis, Yuetiva Deming, Erin M. Jonaitis, Nathaniel A. Chin, Lindsay R. Clark, Dorothy F. Edwards, Art Walaszek, Ozioma C. Okonkwo, Megan Zuelsdorff, Richard J. Chappell, Sterling C. Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, Carey E. Gleason, Amy J. Kind, Barbara B. Bendlin, Cynthia M. Carlsson","doi":"10.1002/trc2.70036","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> INTRODUCTION</h3>\n \n <p>Understanding how a research sample compares to the population from which it is drawn can help inform future recruitment planning. We compared the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (WADRC) participant sample to the Wisconsin state population (WI-pop) on key demographic, social exposome, and vascular risk measures.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> METHODS</h3>\n \n <p>The WADRC sample included 930 participants. Population statistics were estimated using several national and state data sources. We compared WADRC to WI-pop for two age groups, 45–64 years and ≥65 years, separately.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> RESULTS</h3>\n \n <p>Compared to WI-pop, WADRC participants were older and included more women, more Black and American Indian individuals, and fewer Hispanic and Asian individuals. WADRC participants had higher levels of educational attainment, consisted of smaller proportions living in rural areas and disadvantaged neighborhoods, and showed lower vascular risks. Greater differences between WADRC and WI-pop were found for most metrics in the ≥65 group compared to the 45–64 group.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> DISCUSSION</h3>\n \n <p>The findings revealed opportunities to increase enrollment from the Hispanic/Latino and Asian American populations, to include participants from a broader range of educational backgrounds, and to enroll more residents from rural areas and disadvantaged neighborhoods, which may lead to a broader distribution of cardiovascular risk factors. Expanding sociodemographic and health profiles represented in the participant candidate pool for study selection and including those who are underrepresented in research may potentially reduce selection bias but not eliminate it. Statistical approaches can be applied to address bias and generalize findings from a study sample to its target population by adjusting for their differences in the joint distribution of covariates. Although research centers have different regional populations and specific recruitment focuses for scientific reasons, evaluating their participant characteristics may help plan engagement efforts to improve the inclusion of underrepresented groups and collaboratively support generalizable research nationwide.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Highlights</h3>\n \n <div>\n <ul>\n \n <li>We compared the characteristics of Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (WADRC) participants with the Wisconsin population.</li>\n \n <li>Metrics of comparison included demographics, social exposomes, and vascular risks.</li>\n \n <li>WADRC participants are different from the Wisconsin population.</li>\n \n <li>We explored the implications and causes of the differences.</li>\n \n <li>We discussed strategies for engaging and recruiting underrepresented groups.</li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":53225,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736623/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comparison of sample characteristics of Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center participants with the Wisconsin state population—An evaluation of the recruitment effort\",\"authors\":\"Yue Ma, Maria C. 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Population statistics were estimated using several national and state data sources. We compared WADRC to WI-pop for two age groups, 45–64 years and ≥65 years, separately.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> RESULTS</h3>\\n \\n <p>Compared to WI-pop, WADRC participants were older and included more women, more Black and American Indian individuals, and fewer Hispanic and Asian individuals. WADRC participants had higher levels of educational attainment, consisted of smaller proportions living in rural areas and disadvantaged neighborhoods, and showed lower vascular risks. Greater differences between WADRC and WI-pop were found for most metrics in the ≥65 group compared to the 45–64 group.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> DISCUSSION</h3>\\n \\n <p>The findings revealed opportunities to increase enrollment from the Hispanic/Latino and Asian American populations, to include participants from a broader range of educational backgrounds, and to enroll more residents from rural areas and disadvantaged neighborhoods, which may lead to a broader distribution of cardiovascular risk factors. Expanding sociodemographic and health profiles represented in the participant candidate pool for study selection and including those who are underrepresented in research may potentially reduce selection bias but not eliminate it. Statistical approaches can be applied to address bias and generalize findings from a study sample to its target population by adjusting for their differences in the joint distribution of covariates. Although research centers have different regional populations and specific recruitment focuses for scientific reasons, evaluating their participant characteristics may help plan engagement efforts to improve the inclusion of underrepresented groups and collaboratively support generalizable research nationwide.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Highlights</h3>\\n \\n <div>\\n <ul>\\n \\n <li>We compared the characteristics of Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (WADRC) participants with the Wisconsin population.</li>\\n \\n <li>Metrics of comparison included demographics, social exposomes, and vascular risks.</li>\\n \\n <li>WADRC participants are different from the Wisconsin population.</li>\\n \\n <li>We explored the implications and causes of the differences.</li>\\n \\n <li>We discussed strategies for engaging and recruiting underrepresented groups.</li>\\n </ul>\\n </div>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":53225,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions\",\"volume\":\"11 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736623/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/trc2.70036\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/trc2.70036","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparison of sample characteristics of Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center participants with the Wisconsin state population—An evaluation of the recruitment effort
INTRODUCTION
Understanding how a research sample compares to the population from which it is drawn can help inform future recruitment planning. We compared the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (WADRC) participant sample to the Wisconsin state population (WI-pop) on key demographic, social exposome, and vascular risk measures.
METHODS
The WADRC sample included 930 participants. Population statistics were estimated using several national and state data sources. We compared WADRC to WI-pop for two age groups, 45–64 years and ≥65 years, separately.
RESULTS
Compared to WI-pop, WADRC participants were older and included more women, more Black and American Indian individuals, and fewer Hispanic and Asian individuals. WADRC participants had higher levels of educational attainment, consisted of smaller proportions living in rural areas and disadvantaged neighborhoods, and showed lower vascular risks. Greater differences between WADRC and WI-pop were found for most metrics in the ≥65 group compared to the 45–64 group.
DISCUSSION
The findings revealed opportunities to increase enrollment from the Hispanic/Latino and Asian American populations, to include participants from a broader range of educational backgrounds, and to enroll more residents from rural areas and disadvantaged neighborhoods, which may lead to a broader distribution of cardiovascular risk factors. Expanding sociodemographic and health profiles represented in the participant candidate pool for study selection and including those who are underrepresented in research may potentially reduce selection bias but not eliminate it. Statistical approaches can be applied to address bias and generalize findings from a study sample to its target population by adjusting for their differences in the joint distribution of covariates. Although research centers have different regional populations and specific recruitment focuses for scientific reasons, evaluating their participant characteristics may help plan engagement efforts to improve the inclusion of underrepresented groups and collaboratively support generalizable research nationwide.
Highlights
We compared the characteristics of Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (WADRC) participants with the Wisconsin population.
Metrics of comparison included demographics, social exposomes, and vascular risks.
WADRC participants are different from the Wisconsin population.
We explored the implications and causes of the differences.
We discussed strategies for engaging and recruiting underrepresented groups.
期刊介绍：
Alzheimer''s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions (TRCI) is a peer-reviewed, open access,journal from the Alzheimer''s Association®. The journal seeks to bridge the full scope of explorations between basic research on drug discovery and clinical studies, validating putative therapies for aging-related chronic brain conditions that affect cognition, motor functions, and other behavioral or clinical symptoms associated with all forms dementia and Alzheimer''s disease. The journal will publish findings from diverse domains of research and disciplines to accelerate the conversion of abstract facts into practical knowledge: specifically, to translate what is learned at the bench into bedside applications. The journal seeks to publish articles that go beyond a singular emphasis on either basic drug discovery research or clinical research. Rather, an important theme of articles will be the linkages between and among the various discrete steps in the complex continuum of therapy development. For rapid communication among a multidisciplinary research audience involving the range of therapeutic interventions, TRCI will consider only original contributions that include feature length research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, brief reports, narrative reviews, commentaries, letters, perspectives, and research news that would advance wide range of interventions to ameliorate symptoms or alter the progression of chronic neurocognitive disorders such as dementia and Alzheimer''s disease. The journal will publish on topics related to medicine, geriatrics, neuroscience, neurophysiology, neurology, psychiatry, clinical psychology, bioinformatics, pharmaco-genetics, regulatory issues, health economics, pharmacoeconomics, and public health policy as these apply to preclinical and clinical research on therapeutics.
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