Policy insights for drought adaptation: Farmers' behavior and sustainable agricultural development

Drought is arguably one of the most severe consequences of climate change. However, in Iran, the occurrence of drought predates the current climate crisis, making it a longstanding environmental challenge. While existing studies often emphasize the technical aspects and severity of drought, there is a pressing need to focus on policies that equip managers and policymakers to support farmers in adapting to these conditions. Sustainable agricultural development depends on transforming farmers' behaviors to effectively cope with crises such as drought. This study explores the responses of farmers in western Iran to drought through the lens of protection motivation theory. The findings demonstrate the utility of this model in understanding farmer adaptation behaviors. To strengthen drought resilience, the study highlights the importance of enhancing farmers' self-efficacy, refining response strategies, and addressing perceptions of vulnerability. By offering actionable recommendations, this research provides managers and agricultural policymakers with practical tools to improve drought management and foster adaptive behaviors among farmers, contributing to more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.