Clinical Outcomes in Non-Obese Caucasian and Hispanic Populations with DM, a Nation-Wide Study

The global prevalence of DM is approximately 10.5% and is expected to rise in the next few years. There is limited data on its outcomes stratified by race. Controlling DM will mitigate the risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to compare differences in clinical outcomes in non-obese Caucasian and Hispanic populations with DM. Conducted as an observational study, it utilized data from the National Inpatient Sample from 2017 to 2020 focusing on non-obese adults over 18 years, with a BMI <30 kg/m^2, and DM diagnosis, excluding those under 18, obese or without DM. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, GIB, mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and total cost. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analyses determined the clinical outcomes, considering a p-value <0.05 significant. Among 22,300,000 non-obese adults with DM, 64.2% were Caucasians, 13.3% were Hispanics, 3.5% were Asians, 18.8% were AA, and the remaining population belonged to other ethnicities. This study revealed higher rates in the Caucasians for conditions like metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, HTN, pHTN, HF, PVD, A.fib, ACS, AKI, stroke, PE, and COPD. The Hispanics were seen to have a higher incidence of anemia, CKD, and severe sepsis. In terms of primary and secondary outcomes, Hispanics were higher. The findings undermine the importance of racial differences in such conditions and more in-depth studies are needed to extrapolate the gaps in care.