Boosted Persulfate Activation Using Ba2CoMnO5 and LDH/CaCO3 for Amoxicillin Degradation: A Comparative Study

Sulfate radicals based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) have gained attention recently due to their high mineralization capability in environmental remediation. The high persulfate (PS) activation activity of cobalt-based semiconductors has epitomized them as preferred catalysts for SR-AOPs but shortcomings such as leaching, and loss of catalytic active sites limit their applicability. Herein, two different strategies are employed to minimize leaching and improve charge transportation and separation for efficient PS activation under visible light irradiation using LDH/CaCO₃/PS and Ba₂CoMnO₅/PS AOP systems synthesized by solid state method. LDH/CaCO₃/PS achieved 17.9% higher reaction rate than Ba₂CoMnO₅/PS for degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) with higher TOC mineralization efficacy. Despite SO₄^•− and OH^• existence and involvement in both systems, the degradation pathways mapped from QTOF-HPLC-MS data demonstrated formation of different pathways during AMX mineralization. This work demonstrates novel fabrication of brownmillerite double layered perovskite and insulator supported LDH for environmental pollution remediation.