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{"title":"大密度集合中形式为B+B$ B+B$的无限无限制集合","authors":"Ioannis Kousek, Tristán Radić","doi":"10.1112/blms.13180","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>For a set <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>A</mi>\n <mo>⊂</mo>\n <mi>N</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$A \\subset {\\mathbb {N}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, we characterize the existence of an infinite set <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>B</mi>\n <mo>⊂</mo>\n <mi>N</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$B \\subset {\\mathbb {N}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>t</mi>\n <mo>∈</mo>\n <mo>{</mo>\n <mn>0</mn>\n <mo>,</mo>\n <mn>1</mn>\n <mo>}</mo>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$t \\in \\lbrace 0,1\\rbrace$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> such that <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>B</mi>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <mi>B</mi>\n <mo>⊂</mo>\n <mi>A</mi>\n <mo>−</mo>\n <mi>t</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$B+B \\subset A-t$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, where <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>B</mi>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <mi>B</mi>\n <mo>=</mo>\n <mo>{</mo>\n <msub>\n <mi>b</mi>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </msub>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <msub>\n <mi>b</mi>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msub>\n <mo>:</mo>\n <msub>\n <mi>b</mi>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </msub>\n <mo>,</mo>\n <msub>\n <mi>b</mi>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msub>\n <mo>∈</mo>\n <mi>B</mi>\n <mo>}</mo>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$B+B =\\lbrace b_1+b_2\\colon b_1,b_2 \\in B\\rbrace$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, in terms of the density of the set <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>A</mi>\n <annotation>$A$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>. Specifically, when the lower density <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <munder>\n <mrow>\n <mrow></mrow>\n <mspace></mspace>\n <mi>d</mi>\n </mrow>\n <mo>̲</mo>\n </munder>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>A</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mo>></mo>\n <mn>1</mn>\n <mo>/</mo>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\underline{\\mathop {}\\!\\mathrm{d}}(A) >1/2$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> or the upper density <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mover>\n <mrow>\n <mrow></mrow>\n <mspace></mspace>\n <mi>d</mi>\n </mrow>\n <mo>¯</mo>\n </mover>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>A</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mo>></mo>\n <mn>2</mn>\n <mo>/</mo>\n <mn>3</mn>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\overline{\\mathop {}\\!\\mathrm{d}}(A)> 2/3$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, the existence of such a set <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>B</mi>\n <mo>⊂</mo>\n <mi>N</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$B\\subset {\\mathbb {N}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>t</mi>\n <mo>∈</mo>\n <mo>{</mo>\n <mn>0</mn>\n <mo>,</mo>\n <mn>1</mn>\n <mo>}</mo>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$t\\in \\lbrace 0,1\\rbrace$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is assured. Furthermore, whenever <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <munder>\n <mrow>\n <mrow></mrow>\n <mspace></mspace>\n <mi>d</mi>\n </mrow>\n <mo>̲</mo>\n </munder>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>A</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mo>></mo>\n <mn>3</mn>\n <mo>/</mo>\n <mn>4</mn>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\underline{\\mathop {}\\!\\mathrm{d}}(A) > 3/4$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> or <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mover>\n <mrow>\n <mrow></mrow>\n <mspace></mspace>\n <mi>d</mi>\n </mrow>\n <mo>¯</mo>\n </mover>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>A</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mo>></mo>\n <mn>5</mn>\n <mo>/</mo>\n <mn>6</mn>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\overline{\\mathop {}\\!\\mathrm{d}}(A)>5/6$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, we show that the shift <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>t</mi>\n <annotation>$t$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is unnecessary and we also provide examples to show that these bounds are sharp. Finally, we construct a syndetic three-coloring of the natural numbers that does not contain a monochromatic <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>B</mi>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <mi>B</mi>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <mi>t</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$B+B+t$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> for any infinite set <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>B</mi>\n <mo>⊂</mo>\n <mi>N</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$B \\subset {\\mathbb {N}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and number <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>t</mi>\n <mo>∈</mo>\n <mi>N</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$t \\in {\\mathbb {N}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55298,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society","volume":"57 1","pages":"48-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1112/blms.13180","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Infinite unrestricted sumsets of the form \\n \\n \\n B\\n +\\n B\\n \\n $B+B$\\n in sets with large density\",\"authors\":\"Ioannis Kousek, Tristán Radić\",\"doi\":\"10.1112/blms.13180\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>For a set <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>A</mi>\\n <mo>⊂</mo>\\n <mi>N</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$A \\\\subset {\\\\mathbb {N}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, we characterize the existence of an infinite set <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>B</mi>\\n <mo>⊂</mo>\\n <mi>N</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$B \\\\subset {\\\\mathbb {N}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>t</mi>\\n <mo>∈</mo>\\n <mo>{</mo>\\n <mn>0</mn>\\n <mo>,</mo>\\n <mn>1</mn>\\n <mo>}</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$t \\\\in \\\\lbrace 0,1\\\\rbrace$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> such that <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>B</mi>\\n <mo>+</mo>\\n <mi>B</mi>\\n <mo>⊂</mo>\\n <mi>A</mi>\\n <mo>−</mo>\\n <mi>t</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$B+B \\\\subset A-t$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, where <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>B</mi>\\n <mo>+</mo>\\n <mi>B</mi>\\n <mo>=</mo>\\n <mo>{</mo>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>b</mi>\\n <mn>1</mn>\\n </msub>\\n <mo>+</mo>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>b</mi>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </msub>\\n <mo>:</mo>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>b</mi>\\n <mn>1</mn>\\n </msub>\\n <mo>,</mo>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>b</mi>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </msub>\\n <mo>∈</mo>\\n <mi>B</mi>\\n <mo>}</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$B+B =\\\\lbrace b_1+b_2\\\\colon b_1,b_2 \\\\in B\\\\rbrace$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, in terms of the density of the set <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>A</mi>\\n <annotation>$A$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>. Specifically, when the lower density <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <munder>\\n <mrow>\\n <mrow></mrow>\\n <mspace></mspace>\\n <mi>d</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>̲</mo>\\n </munder>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>A</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>></mo>\\n <mn>1</mn>\\n <mo>/</mo>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$\\\\underline{\\\\mathop {}\\\\!\\\\mathrm{d}}(A) >1/2$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> or the upper density <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mover>\\n <mrow>\\n <mrow></mrow>\\n <mspace></mspace>\\n <mi>d</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>¯</mo>\\n </mover>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>A</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>></mo>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n <mo>/</mo>\\n <mn>3</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$\\\\overline{\\\\mathop {}\\\\!\\\\mathrm{d}}(A)> 2/3$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, the existence of such a set <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>B</mi>\\n <mo>⊂</mo>\\n <mi>N</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$B\\\\subset {\\\\mathbb {N}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>t</mi>\\n <mo>∈</mo>\\n <mo>{</mo>\\n <mn>0</mn>\\n <mo>,</mo>\\n <mn>1</mn>\\n <mo>}</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$t\\\\in \\\\lbrace 0,1\\\\rbrace$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is assured. Furthermore, whenever <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <munder>\\n <mrow>\\n <mrow></mrow>\\n <mspace></mspace>\\n <mi>d</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>̲</mo>\\n </munder>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>A</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>></mo>\\n <mn>3</mn>\\n <mo>/</mo>\\n <mn>4</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$\\\\underline{\\\\mathop {}\\\\!\\\\mathrm{d}}(A) > 3/4$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> or <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mover>\\n <mrow>\\n <mrow></mrow>\\n <mspace></mspace>\\n <mi>d</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>¯</mo>\\n </mover>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>A</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>></mo>\\n <mn>5</mn>\\n <mo>/</mo>\\n <mn>6</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$\\\\overline{\\\\mathop {}\\\\!\\\\mathrm{d}}(A)>5/6$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, we show that the shift <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>t</mi>\\n <annotation>$t$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is unnecessary and we also provide examples to show that these bounds are sharp. Finally, we construct a syndetic three-coloring of the natural numbers that does not contain a monochromatic <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>B</mi>\\n <mo>+</mo>\\n <mi>B</mi>\\n <mo>+</mo>\\n <mi>t</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$B+B+t$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> for any infinite set <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>B</mi>\\n <mo>⊂</mo>\\n <mi>N</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$B \\\\subset {\\\\mathbb {N}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and number <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>t</mi>\\n <mo>∈</mo>\\n <mi>N</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$t \\\\in {\\\\mathbb {N}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55298,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society\",\"volume\":\"57 1\",\"pages\":\"48-68\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1112/blms.13180\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://londmathsoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1112/blms.13180\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MATHEMATICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://londmathsoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1112/blms.13180","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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