Kickboxing Kloof Frogs: Territoriality, Female Parental Care and Other Reproductive Behaviours of Natalobatrachus bonebergi

The Kloof Frog (Natalobatrachus bonebergi) is an Endangered South African endemic, demonstrating complex reproductive behaviours. This study, conducted in Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, South Africa between April 2023 and April 2024, recorded acoustic and visual communication, male–male aggression, parental care and predation. In situ observations underscore the species' strategies of multimodal communication in male territoriality, mate attraction and female parental care of eggs in a structured habitat. This study provides perspective on the reproductive ecology of N. bonebergi. This species could serve as an important ecological model through which conservation management and actions could be improved upon.