Multi-Electron Transfer Organic Cathode for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered significant attention as next-generation energy storage systems. However, developing high-energy-density cathode materials remains a critical challenge. Organic compounds with multi-electron transfer processes offer a promising solution to this issue. In this concept, we outline the fundamental structural principles and mechanisms underlying multi-electron transfer of redox-active organic compounds. We categorize various organic cathode materials into n-type, p-type, and bipolar compounds, and discuss their structural features, redox chemistry, and capacity performance in AZIBs by analyzing cyclic voltammetry profiles and charge storage mechanisms. Our goal is to offer valuable insights into the molecular design and redox chemistry of multi-electron transfer organic compounds to achieve high-performance AZIBs.