Rapid detection of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin with disposable screen printed ITO electrode based on multiple signal amplification strategy of metal–organic skeleton material

A multi-signal amplification system using an ITO electrode printed with disposable screen ink was developed for the rapid detecting des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP). Gold nanoparticles, uniformly shaped, were electrodeposited on the ITO electrode to improve conductivity and biocompatibility. To boost the sensor’s sensitivity, isoreticular metal–organic framework-3 (IROMF-3) and methylene blue (MB) were employed to expand the electrode’s surface area and intensify the current signal. Additionally, the avidin-loaded silver nanoelectrode, capable of binding more biotinylated DCP antibodies, further heightened sensitivity. The developed immunosensor effectively detected trace DCP in serum, with a linear range of 0.31 ng/mL to 40 ng/mL, a detection limit of 0.138 ng/mL, and a recovery rate of 97.9–109.2 % under optimal experimental conditions. This study offers a promising approach for the rapid field detection of trace DCP in serum.