Modification strategies of TiO2-based nanocatalysts for CO2 reduction through photocatalysis: A mini review

Anthropogenic emission of CO₂ severely hinders sustainable development of human society. Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly approach for converting CO₂ into one or two carbon compounds, and is anticipated to contribute positively to achieving the dual carbon goal. In recent years, TiO₂-based catalysts have demonstrated their effectiveness in the photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. This article provides a review of the principles and applications of TiO₂-based catalysts for CO₂ photocatalytic reduction, focusing on four common modification strategies: morphology control, co-catalyst loading, surface defect introduction, and heterostructure design. On this basis, this article summarizes the challenges faced in further increasing the efficiency of TiO₂-based photocatalytic CO₂ reduction, and looks forward to possible future development directions.