Optimizing arsenic removal in water supply: A mathematical approach for plant location, technology selection, and network synthesis

Arsenic contamination in groundwater presents significant health risks, demanding effective treatment solutions. This study introduces a mathematical programming method to determine the optimal location to place arsenic treatment plants, select the appropriate technology, and design large-scale water distribution networks. This work focuses on minimizing costs associated with pumping, piping, plant installation, and operation while complying with the regulations of arsenic levels in drinking water. The approach involves a nonlinear mixed-integer mathematical programming model coupled with a detailed procedure to find solutions. In the implementation of this model, the study not only explores the best strategies to reduce the arsenic found in drinking water to safer levels in affected wells, but it also works to design an efficient water network. An analysis of areas with wells that show a concentration of arsenic above permissible levels demonstrates how the proposed solutions can effectively lower arsenic levels to meet safety standards and optimize water supply systems. The findings highlight the potential of significantly improving water quality and public health through strategic infrastructure, planning, and technological application.