Identification and Validation of Pivotal Genes in Osteoarthritis Combined with WGCNA Analysis.

Introduction: The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic joint condition, is increasing due to the aging population and escalating obesity rates, leading to a significant impact on human health and well-being. Thus, analyzing the key targets of OA through bioinformatics can help discover new biomarkers to improve its diagnosis.

Methods: The microarray and RNA-seq results were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Functional enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the DEGs were performed. RT-qPCR and WB were further performed to verify the hub gene expression in OA rat.

Results: In this study, 35 key genes were identified through differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) using the GSE169077 and GSE114007 datasets. Enrichment analysis revealed that these key genes were predominantly enriched in the HIF-1 signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, and FoxO signaling pathway. Through the integration of protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, validation in animal models and ROC curve analysis, four pivotal genes (GADD45B, CLDN5, HILPDA and CDKN1B) were finally identified.

Conclusion: In conclusion, these identified key genes could serve as novel targets for predicting and treating OA, offering fresh insights into its etiology and pathogenesis.