Impact of High-Intensity Interval Exercise With Elastic Bands Versus Continuous Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Glycemic Control in People With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Engaging in physical exercise is recommended to enhance cardiovascular health and manage blood sugar levels in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Hypothesis: The impact of high-intensity interval exercise with elastic bands (EB-HIIE) versus continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (CONT) on glycemic control is different in men with T1D.

Study design: Crossover study design.

Level of evidence: Level 3.

Methods: Participants (39 men with T1D) underwent either an EB-HIIE or a CONT session in randomized order, with a separation of ≥72 hours to avoid carry-over effects. Changes in glucose values during exercise were measured simultaneously from venous blood (YSI) and interstitial fluid (Dexcom G6 glucose sensor). Subsequent 24-hour glucose was monitored using the glucose sensor.

Results: Blood glucose was lower in CONT vs EB-HIIE (P < .01). Post hoc analysis revealed clinically relevant differences during exercise (-35.1 mg/dl; P = .02), at its end (-49.5 mg/dl; P < .01), and at 10 and 20 minutes after completion (-51.2 mg/dl; P < .01 and -45.9 mg/dl; P < .01, respectively). Time-in-range 24 hours after exercise completion was significantly higher with EB-HIIE than with CONT (66.5% vs 59.3%), although both were significantly better than the previous 24 hours before exercise (50%).

Conclusion: Results suggest that EB-HIIE is a safe training method for male adults with diabetes, resulting in euglycemia during and immediately after exercise and improving glucose outcomes in the subsequent 24 hours.

Clinical relevance: This study provides new evidence and practical information on how to implement safe physical activity in daily life of patients with diabetes. EB-HIIT exhibited lower hypoglycemia risk during exercise and better glycemic control in the subsequent 24 hours. In contrast, practicing CONT exercise is associated with higher risk of hypoglycemia. Healthcare providers should take this information into account when prescribing exercise.