An efficient and secure quantum blind signature-based electronic cash transaction scheme

The authors present a novel token exchange scheme with an example of an electronic cash (eCash) transaction scheme that ensures quantum security, addressing the vulnerabilities of existing models in the face of quantum computing threats. The authors’ comprehensive analysis of various quantum blind signature mechanisms revealed significant shortcomings in their applicability to eCash transactions and their resilience against quantum adversaries. In response, the authors drew inspiration from D. Chaum's original classical eCash scheme and innovated a quantum-secure transaction framework. The authors detail the developed protocol and rigorously evaluate its security aspects. The protocol's adherence to critical security requirements such as blindness, non-forgeability, non-deniability, and prevention of double spending is analysed. Moreover, the scheme against Intercept and Resend, Denial of Service, Man-in-the-Middle, and Entangle-and-Measure attacks is rigorously tested. The authors’ findings indicate a robust eCash transaction model capable of withstanding the challenges posed by quantum computing advancements.