Alexa Barad , Yaqin Xu , Erica Bender , Wanhui Kang , Ruihan Xu , Zhenglong Gu , Eva K Pressman , Kimberly O O’Brien
{"title":"东亚或北欧血统年轻人铁状态生物标志物和血液学指标的表征：来自东亚和北欧成年人铁基因研究（FeGenes）的横断面分析。","authors":"Alexa Barad , Yaqin Xu , Erica Bender , Wanhui Kang , Ruihan Xu , Zhenglong Gu , Eva K Pressman , Kimberly O O’Brien","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Excess body iron (Fe) accrual is linked to chronic diseases. East Asian (EA) adults (median age 50 y) were reported to have higher Fe stores compared to other populations despite lacking the mutation that causes Fe overload in Northern European (NE) adults. It is unknown if these differences are evident in a healthy population under 50 y of age.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This cross-sectional study aims to compare Fe-related markers in young adults of EA and NE ancestry and identify determinants of Fe status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were healthy United States males and premenopausal/nonpregnant females of genetically confirmed EA (<em>n</em> = 251) or NE (<em>n</em> = 253) ancestry, aged 18–50 y and without obesity. A complete blood count was obtained. Serum ferritin (SF; <em>μ</em>g/L), c-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were measured by immunoassay, and serum soluble transferrin receptor (mg/L) and transferrin by quantitative immunoturbidimetry. Total body Fe (mg/kg) was calculated. Elevated Fe stores were defined as SF >200 (females) or >300 (males) and c-reactive protein <5 mg/L. Results are shown as the geometric mean 95% confidence interval (CI) or mean ± standard deviation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of the population was (26.3 y; 25.6, 26.9 y), with 69.2% of participants aged under 30 y. SF was higher in EA (172; 152, 194) compared with NE (85.3; 76.8, 94.8) males (<em>P</em> < 0.001), and in EA (42.6; 36.7, 49.5) compared with NE (31.9; 27.8, 36.5) females (<em>P =</em> 0.004). The prevalence of elevated Fe stores was 16.7% in EA compared with 0.8% in NE males (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and 1.6% in EA compared with 0% in NE females (<em>P</em> = 0.47). Total body Fe was higher in EA (11.7 ± 2.7) compared with NE (9.1 ± 2.6) males (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and in EA (6.7 ± 3.6) compared with NE (5.6 ± 3.4) females (<em>P =</em> 0.01). All differences persisted after adjustment for confounders (all <em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Individuals of EA ancestry had a significantly greater body Fe burden compared to NE individuals. Of concern, these differences were evident in a cohort primarily consisting of young individuals aged 18–29 y.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04198545.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 394-405"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Characterization of iron status biomarkers and hematological indices among young adults of East Asian or Northern European ancestry: A cross-sectional analysis from the Iron Genes in East Asian and Northern European Adults Study (FeGenes)\",\"authors\":\"Alexa Barad , Yaqin Xu , Erica Bender , Wanhui Kang , Ruihan Xu , Zhenglong Gu , Eva K Pressman , Kimberly O O’Brien\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.014\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Excess body iron (Fe) accrual is linked to chronic diseases. East Asian (EA) adults (median age 50 y) were reported to have higher Fe stores compared to other populations despite lacking the mutation that causes Fe overload in Northern European (NE) adults. It is unknown if these differences are evident in a healthy population under 50 y of age.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This cross-sectional study aims to compare Fe-related markers in young adults of EA and NE ancestry and identify determinants of Fe status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were healthy United States males and premenopausal/nonpregnant females of genetically confirmed EA (<em>n</em> = 251) or NE (<em>n</em> = 253) ancestry, aged 18–50 y and without obesity. A complete blood count was obtained. Serum ferritin (SF; <em>μ</em>g/L), c-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were measured by immunoassay, and serum soluble transferrin receptor (mg/L) and transferrin by quantitative immunoturbidimetry. Total body Fe (mg/kg) was calculated. Elevated Fe stores were defined as SF >200 (females) or >300 (males) and c-reactive protein <5 mg/L. Results are shown as the geometric mean 95% confidence interval (CI) or mean ± standard deviation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of the population was (26.3 y; 25.6, 26.9 y), with 69.2% of participants aged under 30 y. SF was higher in EA (172; 152, 194) compared with NE (85.3; 76.8, 94.8) males (<em>P</em> < 0.001), and in EA (42.6; 36.7, 49.5) compared with NE (31.9; 27.8, 36.5) females (<em>P =</em> 0.004). The prevalence of elevated Fe stores was 16.7% in EA compared with 0.8% in NE males (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and 1.6% in EA compared with 0% in NE females (<em>P</em> = 0.47). Total body Fe was higher in EA (11.7 ± 2.7) compared with NE (9.1 ± 2.6) males (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and in EA (6.7 ± 3.6) compared with NE (5.6 ± 3.4) females (<em>P =</em> 0.01). All differences persisted after adjustment for confounders (all <em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Individuals of EA ancestry had a significantly greater body Fe burden compared to NE individuals. Of concern, these differences were evident in a cohort primarily consisting of young individuals aged 18–29 y.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04198545.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50813,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition\",\"volume\":\"121 2\",\"pages\":\"Pages 394-405\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-02-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916524008219\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/2/3 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"NUTRITION & DIETETICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916524008219","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/2/3 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Characterization of iron status biomarkers and hematological indices among young adults of East Asian or Northern European ancestry: A cross-sectional analysis from the Iron Genes in East Asian and Northern European Adults Study (FeGenes)
Background
Excess body iron (Fe) accrual is linked to chronic diseases. East Asian (EA) adults (median age 50 y) were reported to have higher Fe stores compared to other populations despite lacking the mutation that causes Fe overload in Northern European (NE) adults. It is unknown if these differences are evident in a healthy population under 50 y of age.
Objectives
This cross-sectional study aims to compare Fe-related markers in young adults of EA and NE ancestry and identify determinants of Fe status.
Methods
Participants were healthy United States males and premenopausal/nonpregnant females of genetically confirmed EA (n = 251) or NE (n = 253) ancestry, aged 18–50 y and without obesity. A complete blood count was obtained. Serum ferritin (SF; μg/L), c-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were measured by immunoassay, and serum soluble transferrin receptor (mg/L) and transferrin by quantitative immunoturbidimetry. Total body Fe (mg/kg) was calculated. Elevated Fe stores were defined as SF >200 (females) or >300 (males) and c-reactive protein <5 mg/L. Results are shown as the geometric mean 95% confidence interval (CI) or mean ± standard deviation.
Results
The mean age of the population was (26.3 y; 25.6, 26.9 y), with 69.2% of participants aged under 30 y. SF was higher in EA (172; 152, 194) compared with NE (85.3; 76.8, 94.8) males (P < 0.001), and in EA (42.6; 36.7, 49.5) compared with NE (31.9; 27.8, 36.5) females (P = 0.004). The prevalence of elevated Fe stores was 16.7% in EA compared with 0.8% in NE males (P < 0.001) and 1.6% in EA compared with 0% in NE females (P = 0.47). Total body Fe was higher in EA (11.7 ± 2.7) compared with NE (9.1 ± 2.6) males (P < 0.001) and in EA (6.7 ± 3.6) compared with NE (5.6 ± 3.4) females (P = 0.01). All differences persisted after adjustment for confounders (all P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Individuals of EA ancestry had a significantly greater body Fe burden compared to NE individuals. Of concern, these differences were evident in a cohort primarily consisting of young individuals aged 18–29 y.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04198545.
期刊介绍：
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is recognized as the most highly rated peer-reviewed, primary research journal in nutrition and dietetics.It focuses on publishing the latest research on various topics in nutrition, including but not limited to obesity, vitamins and minerals, nutrition and disease, and energy metabolism.
Purpose:
The purpose of AJCN is to:
Publish original research studies relevant to human and clinical nutrition.
Consider well-controlled clinical studies describing scientific mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of dietary interventions in the context of disease prevention or health benefits.
Encourage public health and epidemiologic studies relevant to human nutrition.
Promote innovative investigations of nutritional questions employing epigenetic, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches.
Include solicited editorials, book reviews, solicited or unsolicited review articles, invited controversy position papers, and letters to the Editor related to prior AJCN articles.
Peer Review Process:
All submitted material with scientific content undergoes peer review by the Editors or their designees before acceptance for publication.
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