Presence of a supernumerary root of the right mandibular second molar in a Staffordshire terrier: a case report.

The presence of a supernumerary root is an uncommon dental condition in canine patients, referring to an extra root that forms in a tooth beyond the standard number of roots that are typically expected for that specific tooth. It is a developmental anomaly most commonly observed in large-breed dogs, often as an incidental finding. These supernumerary roots may result from a disruption of the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, which is responsible for root formation. A 3-year-old Staffordshire terrier presented for a complete oral examination under general anesthesia. The initial intraoral radiographic examination revealed a suspected crown-root fracture of the right mandibular second molar tooth (410). A radiographic examination using the parallel technique, a supernumerary root was identified ruling out the suspected crown-root fracture of 410. The supernumerary root did not require treatment as it was not associated with any pathology or clinical signs. This case report highlights the importance of full-mouth intraoral radiography in the diagnosis of unusual dental conditions, such as supernumerary roots, whose presence may become clinically relevant especially if treatment of a particular tooth becomes necessary. Radiographic technique, positioning and interpretation are essential to avoid misdiagnosis and potential negative consequences for the patient as well as guiding the clinician in making appropriate treatment choices. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the presence of a supernumerary root in a mandibular second molar in a dog has not been previously reported in the veterinary dental literature.