Role of higher order interactions on spiral waves in excitable media.

When nodes in excitable system are stimulated, the system tends to form traveling waves or self-organized spiral waves, such as electrical signals in the heart and the spread of epidemics. Networks composed of these nodes can be influenced by higher-order interactions. We utilized the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model for nodes to construct a three-layer lattice network, incorporating higher-order interactions applicable to neuronal models. We found that higher-order interactions have a suppressive effect on spiral waves, which exhibit various dynamics such as stable rotation, drifting, and dissipation under different influences of these interactions. There exists a critical threshold at which the spiral waves transition from stable rotation to dissipation. We aim to investigate real systems, such as the brain or heart, to explore this type of excitable media and provide theoretical insights into the propagation of excitation within networks.