Dynamic imaging of the effect of pore microstructure factors on fine particle migration and deposition during fluid flow through porous media

The migration and deposition of fine particles in porous materials is critical in industries such as energy, pharmaceuticals, and environmental engineering. Using 3D time-lapse synchrotron X-ray imaging, we observe fine particles invading porous media, analyzing the effects of pore size and heterogeneity at both pore and macro scales. Glass beads model homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions, revealing a sequence of deposition processes: surface attachment, throat bridging, blocking, pore filling, compaction, and migration. A critical throat-to-particle size ratio of 1.7 governs deposition behavior. At the macro-scale, heterogeneities like beddings and flow pathways influence fines migration and deposition. Based on dynamic 3D imaging, we propose a mechanism for fines behavior in heterogeneous porous media. These findings enhance understanding of fines migration, offering a predictive framework for managing formation damage and optimizing filter cake design in drilling and clean energy applications.