Gastrodin targets the system Xc-/GPX4 axis to inhibit abnormal proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and improve rheumatoid arthritis

Background

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the abnormal proliferation of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes (FLS), leading to synovial hyperplasia and progressive joint destruction in an inflammatory environment. Gastrodin (GAS), the main active ingredient of Gastrodia elata, is also the basis for its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and other pharmacological effects. However, GAS's effects on RA and its specific molecular mechanisms remain to be thoroughly explored.

Purpose

This study combines transcriptomics and modern pharmacological methods to explore the molecular mechanism of GAS to ameliorate RA and provide a theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

A rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model was established to further determine the molecular mechanism by which GAS affects RA based on transcriptomics and molecular docking. The pharmacological activity of GAS against RA was evaluated by in vivo experiments such as micro-CT, histopathological examination, transmission electron microscopy and Elisa. Primary FLS cells were also extracted from AA rats for in vitro experiments to reveal the potential of GAS in treating RA.

Results

Transcriptomic and molecular docking analyses suggested ferroptosis as a potential mechanism for GAS to ameliorate RA. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that GAS downregulates SLC7A11, impacts the antioxidant system, and inhibits GPX4. It facilitates lipopolysaccharide-induced ferroptosis in RA-FLS (rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes) cells, suppresses synovial proliferation, and ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusion

This study reveals the molecular mechanism of the anti-RA action of GAS from a novel perspective, suggesting that GAS is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of RA.