RNAi technology development for weed control: all smoke and no fire?

RNA interference (RNAi) technology, specifically Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS), holds potential as an innovative approach for selective weed control, promising environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional herbicides. Although the development of RNAi-based crop protection agents against pathogens, insects and viruses is advancing rapidly, RNAi-based weed control remains in the nascent stages, with challenges in gene target specificity and effective delivery mechanisms. It is potentially a game-changer in agriculture, yet SIGS's applicability is limited by the lack of scientific evidence. The overall aim of this review is to focus attention on critical points that need to be addressed to advance the knowledge about and development of RNAi herbicides, and overcome the poor progress achieved so far. Enhancing RNAi delivery methods and focusing on high impact weed species could transform SIGS into a viable tool for sustainable agriculture. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.