Weight Stigma Amongst Nurses and Nursing Students: A Scoping Review of Direct and Comparative Evidence

Aim

To map both direct and comparative research on weight stigma amongst nurses and nursing students by identifying the extent, range and nature of studies and identify the gaps in this area.

Design

Scoping review, following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines.

Data Sources

Seven databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library, in addition to Google Scholar and Open Access Theses and Dissertations were systematically searched in August 2023.

Methods

Inclusion criteria comprised nurses or nursing students as participants, weight stigma as the concept and any context. After uploading all search results into EndNote and removing duplicates, titles and abstracts/full-texts were screened. One reviewer extracted data, which were checked and confirmed by other authors. Data were analysed using frequency counts, numerical range and inductive open coding and then reported through diagrams, tables and a narrative summary.

Results

From 2213 initial search results, 80 studies were included. The range of studies regarding their characteristics was described. Studies were mapped in terms of objectives and findings and eight descriptors were identified; including description, comparing different groups of nurses, exploring associations, intervention assessment, comparing nurses with other health professionals, exploring consequences or causes, psychometrics and finding solutions.

Conclusion

The majority of included studies were conducted in the United States, had a cross-sectional design, and included a high percentage of female participants. Future research with more diversity in terms of participants' gender and country, qualitative designs and a focus on practical strategies to reduce weight stigma will improve the understanding of weight stigma in nursing care.

Impact

The identified gaps in this study can guide future research to develop more practical strategies to reduce weight stigma amongst nurses, modify nursing education and provide relevant healthcare policies. Consequently, the quality of care for higher weight individuals may be improved.

Reporting Method

The EQUATOR guidelines for PRISMA have been utilised.

Patient or Public Contribution

None.