Intracranial phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor: A rare case report and systematic review.

Rationale: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs) are rare soft-tissue and bone tumors that can occur intracranially. Low incidence, nonspecific symptoms, and diverse histomorphology of PMTs contribute to a high rate of misdiagnosis.

Patient concerns: This report presents a rare case of an intracranial PMT located in the posterior cranial fossa. In addition, a systematic review of previously reported intracranial PMT cases was conducted and summarized.

Diagnoses: Incorporating clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and imaging features, the definitive diagnosis of PMT was based on pathological examination.

Interventions: The patient underwent consultations in endocrinology, orthopedics, and neurosurgery, and ultimately had a surgical procedure to remove the intracranial tumor.

Outcomes: After tumor resection, the patient's laboratory values returned to normal, his symptoms improved, and he could walk again.

Lessons: Due to the rarity and high misdiagnosis rate of PMTs, no unified diagnosis and treatment standards have been established. Early identification, accurate diagnosis, and timely treatment are essential for optimal management. Surgical resection remains the preferred treatment for PMTs, with total tumor resection strongly recommended. In case of incomplete resection, tumor recurrence and persistent symptoms may necessitate adjunctive drug therapy and radiation therapy.