Adsorption characteristics of individual and binary mixture of ciprofloxacin antibiotic and lead(II) on synthesized bamboo-biochar

Adsorption of individual and a binary mixture of ciprofloxacin antibiotic (CFX) and lead ion, Pb(II) on bamboo biochar was investigated in this study. Bamboo biochar which was successfully fabricated by pyrolysis was carefully characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, FT-IR, XPS and zeta potential measurements to confirm the porous structure and high specific surface area of 134 m² g⁻¹. Individual and simultaneous adsorption of CFX and Pb(II) on synthesized bamboo biochar was systematically studied by batch technique. The optimum experimental parameters for CFX and Pb(II) simultaneous adsorption were pH 6, 5.0 mg mL⁻¹ bamboo-biochar dosage, contact time 120 min while that were found to be, adsorbent dosage of 2.5 mg mL⁻¹ and 60 min contact time, pH 3 for CFX and pH 4 for Pb(II) individual adsorption. The maximum adsorption efficiencies of binary mixture CFX and Pb(II) on bamboo biochar were achieved 99.9 and 90.8%, respectively while the very high adsorption capacities fitted by Langmuir model were found to be 183.6 and 285.7 mg g⁻¹ for Pb(II) and CFX, respectively. Adsorption mechanisms of CFX and Pb(II) on bamboo biochar were discussed in details based on surface charge changes and isothermal data.