Geographical indication in Indonesia: A review on the spatial distribution and classification of geographical indication-registered products and -related publications

The status and trends of geographical indication (GI) registration in Indonesia is presented and analyzed. Indonesia amended the GI-related legal systems in 2019, and despite its increase in registration and policy developments, the extent of coverage and classification of GI-registered products remain unclear. Thus, we analyze the current status and trends of GI registration by mapping the spatial distribution and classification of GI products. We supplemented our analysis by capturing and reviewing GI-related publications in Indonesia. Results showed that GI-registered products are concentrated in Java and Sumatra regions, with agricultural products as leading commodities. The spatial distribution further exhibits that cultural and traditional values play an important role in shaping GI products. Meanwhile, for GI publications, we documented that scientific literatures produced by domestic scholars are more abundant than international publications. Although this is a positive assertion, reviewed publications are mostly focused on the legal aspects. Other aspects such as GI promotion, development, and benefits are lacking. The policy and practical implications of such findings highlighted the critical role of provinces and domestic scholars in promoting GIs of Indonesia to the global arena.