Review of Modelling and Optimal Control Strategy for Virtual Energy Storage

VES is a method of balancing the energy of a power system with other equipment or scheduling strategies, particularly with respect to controllable loads, owing to end-user electrification. This paper summarises the connotations, classifications, and typical modelling applications for VES users. Thereafter, the modelling methods, characteristics, and specific operation cases of five types of VESs are introduced, including electric vehicles, buildings, cold storage, industrial production and hydrogen storage. Furthermore, the energy storage capacity planning, energy scheduling strategy, and power control strategy of a VESS are realised through optimal control strategies. Finally, in conjunction with demand response, the development prospects of VES in modelling and control strategies are discussed to improve the economic and environmental benefits of microgrids.