Kaposi's sarcoma, epidemiology and clinical characteristics in a tertiary hospital, a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a rare soft tissue tumor linked to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), a recognized oncogenic virus. Five distinct clinical presentations have been identified, with the epidemic type being the most prevalent and notably associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). A delayed diagnosis significantly compromises patient prognosis and survival rates.

Methods: This article aims to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of KS cases diagnosed through histological examination between 2007 and 2023 in our dermatology department, after a comprehensive review of electronic medical records.

Results: A total of 52 cases were identified, with 51 cases corresponding to the epidemic type (associated with HIV infection) and only one to the classic type. Men were predominantly affected, all cases being of the epidemic type. The most prevalent topography was the lower extremities, with nodular lesions being the most frequent morphology. Half of the cases presented as a disseminated form, while the remaining half exhibited localized manifestations. In both groups, 50% had previously undergone combined antiretroviral therapy. Gastrointestinal involvement occurred in 8 cases. No deaths were associated with KS.

Conclusions: Due to its often asymptomatic nature, KS can easily go unnoticed. Recognizing the significance of early detection is crucial, emphasizing the necessity for prompt intervention, accurate staging, and vigilant follow-up protocols.