Modulating number of Bloch oscillations in synthetic temporal lattices

We propose a method for modulating Bloch oscillations in a synthetic temporal lattice formed by two coupled fiber loops. By periodically altering the coupling coefficient, resembling the behavior of the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model in a synthetic temporal lattice, the Bloch oscillations are split into multiple oscillations depending on the coupling modulation period. This splitting can be understood in terms of optical tunneling between energy bands in the synthetic temporal lattice. For larger modulation periods, the coupling variations introduce interfaces that generate weak new Bloch oscillations. Furthermore, partially periodic coupling modulations allow for manipulation of the splitting energy, offering control over the number and strength of the oscillations. This approach provides a potential pathway for achieving optical beam splitters based on Bloch oscillations.