Intravenous dexmedetomidine use in obstetric anesthesia: a focused review

Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-₂ adrenergic receptor agonist with analgesic properties. Dexmedetomidine is currently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for intravenous (IV) administration in non-pregnant patients. However, it has shown promise for various off-label indications in obstetric anesthesia. This review focuses on reported uses for IV dexmedetomidine in obstetric anesthesia. Intravenous dexmedetomidine has reported efficacy for producing light sedation, analgesia, and anxiolysis in the parturient. In addition, the use of IV dexmedetomidine during cesarean delivery has been reported to alleviate symptoms of postpartum depression and reduce the incidence of shivering and postoperative nausea and vomiting. In the setting of trauma, IV dexmedetomidine may reduce the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder. Further understanding of IV dexmedetomidine’s benefits and the recent advances in its clinical use allows clinicians to leverage its versatility to improve patient outcomes.