China’s new knowledge brokers. A patent citations network analysis of the artificial intelligence open innovation ecosystem

This study examines the Chinese Artificial Intelligence Open Innovation Platforms (AIOIPs) through a descriptive patent-based network analysis to uncover patterns of open innovation (OI). By analyzing brokerage roles and patent quality measures, we propose a typology of brokers—Forerunners, Explorers, Settlers, and Seekers—each reflecting distinct innovation and knowledge dissemination strategies. Our findings highlight how firms strategically balance collaboration and specialization through brokerage roles, linking these dynamics to patent quality and network positioning. These insights offer actionable guidance for enhancing the adaptability and efficiency of AI innovations within OI ecosystems, with implications for both managers and policymakers.