Effect of Selcopintide on Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in Chronic One-Wall Intrabony Defect Model.

Aims: Periodontal diseases pose significant challenges to oral health, making the regeneration of periodontal tissues a critical therapeutic goal. The goal is to restore dental function by repairing damaged tissue and reconstructing the healthy connective structure between the teeth and the alveolar bone. This study aimed to investigate the effects of selcopintide (SCPT) on the differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), cementoblasts, and osteoblasts in vitro, as well as the regeneration of periodontal tissue using a periodontal tissue defect model in dogs in vivo.

Methods: The expression of periodontal tissue marker genes, including periostin (POSTN), cementum attachment protein (CAP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and bone sialoprotein (BSP), was investigated in vitro. Chronic one-wall intrabony defects were created in a total of 12 beagle dogs (n = 6 at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively), and the surgical sites were treated with no treatment, guided tissue regeneration (GTR), GTR with SCPT 50 μg/0.1 mL, 100 μg/0.1 mL, and 250 μg/0.1 mL. The effects of SCPT on the regeneration of periodontal tissues, such as periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and bone, were analyzed in vivo.

Results: SCPT influenced the proliferation and differentiation of cementoblasts and PDLCs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that SCPT upregulated the expression of POSTN, CAP, DMP1, and BSP compared to the control. In the periodontal defect model, SCPT regenerated the periodontal complex. Additionally, the arrangement of the newly formed PDL-like fibers was perpendicular to the newly formed cementum and alveolar bone, similar to Sharpey's fibers in natural teeth, compared with the control.

Conclusion: In this preclinical study, histological and immunohistochemical analyses suggest that GTR with SCPT might be associated with increased periodontal ligament attachment and enhanced cementum and alveolar bone formation. Additional research with a larger sample size is needed to establish the optimal therapeutic protocols and validate the regenerative potential of SCPT.