The role of gut and vaginal microbiomes in reproductive health: Implications for PCOS, endometriosis, pre-eclampsia, and beyond

The interplay between the gut microbiome and reproductive health has gained increasing attention in recent years. Emerging research suggests that imbalances in the gut microbiome may impact reproductive function through various mechanisms. This review explores the link between gut and vaginal microbiomes and reproductive dysfunctions in women, focusing on conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM), preterm birth, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The review highlights the significant associations between microbial dysbiosis and these reproductive conditions, emphasizing the role of gut and vaginal microbiota in their pathogenesis. Understanding these links opens potential avenues for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome to improve reproductive and long-term health outcomes in women.