Prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and associated behavioral changes, lactational failure, and their determinants among postpartum women in South India: A community-based study

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and associated behavioral changes and their prevalence among postpartum women, and also the prevalence of lactational failure and its determinants among postpartum women.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 200 postpartum women (65% rural, 35% urban). Data were collected through structured interviews and assessments using the Indian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and regression models.

Results

Cognitive dysfunction was observed in 25% of participants (21.5% mild, 3.5% moderate). Stress, anxiety, and depression were prevalent in 80.5%, 27%, and 30% of women, respectively. Lactational failure was reported by 21%, strongly correlated with cognitive dysfunction (P = 0.01) and mental health issues (stress, anxiety, and depression; P < 0.001). Key determinants of lactational failure included poor mother–partner relationships, lack of social support, low education levels, delayed breastfeeding initiation, childcare stress, comorbidities, mode of delivery, and low birth weight. Cognitive dysfunction was significantly associated with male offspring, insufficient milk production, lack of social support, and poor education levels (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The study highlights a strong association between maternal mental health, cognitive dysfunction, and lactational failure. Addressing psychosocial and demographic determinants through targeted interventions is critical for improving maternal and child health outcomes in postpartum populations.