A case of disseminated Scedosporium apiospermum infection after bone marrow transplantation.

Summary: A case of disseminated Scedosporium apiospermum infection in a patient undergoing bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia is reported. Because of graft rejection, the patient received a second transplantation 35 days after the first one, at which time he had a high fever and abdominal pains. A pulmonary infiltrate developed seven days later and S. apiospermum was grown from a bronchoalveolar lavage. The patient died 25 days after the second transplant with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, renal failure and neurologic symptoms. An autopsy revealed a disseminated S. apiospermum infection, involving the lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract and the brain. The pathogen was resistant to amphotericin B and 5‐fluorocytosine, but susceptible to miconazole and ketoconazole.